Some laws of physics are so fundamental that they’ve served as the baseline for science for centuries. But with technological advancements, physicists can—albeit temporarily—create small worlds that evade these laws. And when they do, strange things occur.

In a recent study published in Physical Review Letters, Japanese physicists created a system of more than 10,000 particles that defied Newton’s third law of motion for an hour. According to this law, passive particles exert equal forces on each other, so none can just suddenly push itself along on its own. But in devising this system, the team subjected particles to an alternating electric…

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