Despite extensive records of Roman libraries, there is only one library preserved with the documents more or less intact: the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum. Sometimes, though, archaeologists get extremely lucky.
When archaeologists first discovered the Roman villa of Fuente Álamo in Spain, one particular room with depictions of Roman gods led them to believe that they were looking at a Mithraeum, a shrine to Mithras. Decades later, researchers revisited the site with upgraded technology—finding evidence that the chamber, dubbed Room 10, was more akin to a library. If the new analysis is correct, the library would be the oldest known on…
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